{
  "schemaVersion": 3,
  "entityId": "390339",
  "canonicalName": "PENN STATE HEALTH LANCASTER MEDICAL CENTER",
  "status": "signal",
  "statusLabel": "Documented investment signal",
  "summary": "PENN STATE HEALTH LANCASTER MEDICAL CENTER appears in the source tracker as a venture-backed investment signal. This dossier does not classify that signal as completed private-equity ownership.",
  "lastReviewed": "2026-06-22",
  "review": {
    "reviewer": "Automated CMS/PESP reconciliation with editorial publication gate",
    "evidence_grade": "government-corroborated",
    "confidence": "medium",
    "source_count": 6,
    "ownership_source_count": 2,
    "identity_match_method": "CCN exact match",
    "publication_decision": "Meets the Phase 3 publication standard for its displayed status"
  },
  "identifiers": {
    "ccn": "390339",
    "npi": "1013674266",
    "historicalCcns": [],
    "aliases": [
      {
        "alias": "PENN STATE HEALTH LANCASTER MEDICAL CENTER",
        "alias_type": "cms_legal_name",
        "source_id": "source-cms-hospital-enrollments"
      }
    ]
  },
  "ownershipHistory": [
    {
      "relationship_id": "rel-reportedowner-390339",
      "from_entity_id": "reported owner",
      "to_entity_id": "390339",
      "relationship_type": "venture_backing",
      "effective_date": "",
      "end_date": "",
      "announcement_date": "",
      "status": "signal",
      "confidence": "medium",
      "source_ids": "source-cms-hospital-all-owners|source-pesp-hospital-tracker",
      "plain_english_summary": "undefined is reported as an investment backer; this is not treated as a completed ownership claim.",
      "review_notes": "CMS corroborates the current enrolled ownership chain; the sponsor attribution comes from the research tracker."
    }
  ],
  "acquisitionEvents": [],
  "financialAndUtilizationSeries": [
    {
      "metric_id": "390339-net_patient_revenue-06-30-2024",
      "entity_id": "390339",
      "metric_name": "net_patient_revenue",
      "period_start": "07/01/2023",
      "period_end": "06/30/2024",
      "value": "161173126",
      "unit": "USD",
      "better_when": "context_dependent",
      "source_id": "source-cms-hcris",
      "methodology_note": "Hospital Provider Cost Report value. Compare only like fields and compatible fiscal periods; no causal inference is implied.",
      "comparable_to_prior": "review_required"
    },
    {
      "metric_id": "390339-net_patient_revenue-06-30-2023",
      "entity_id": "390339",
      "metric_name": "net_patient_revenue",
      "period_start": "12/06/2022",
      "period_end": "06/30/2023",
      "value": "64356763",
      "unit": "USD",
      "better_when": "context_dependent",
      "source_id": "source-cms-hcris",
      "methodology_note": "Hospital Provider Cost Report value. Compare only like fields and compatible fiscal periods; no causal inference is implied.",
      "comparable_to_prior": "review_required"
    },
    {
      "metric_id": "390339-operating_expense-06-30-2024",
      "entity_id": "390339",
      "metric_name": "operating_expense",
      "period_start": "07/01/2023",
      "period_end": "06/30/2024",
      "value": "205549272",
      "unit": "USD",
      "better_when": "context_dependent",
      "source_id": "source-cms-hcris",
      "methodology_note": "Hospital Provider Cost Report value. Compare only like fields and compatible fiscal periods; no causal inference is implied.",
      "comparable_to_prior": "review_required"
    },
    {
      "metric_id": "390339-operating_expense-06-30-2023",
      "entity_id": "390339",
      "metric_name": "operating_expense",
      "period_start": "12/06/2022",
      "period_end": "06/30/2023",
      "value": "105533965",
      "unit": "USD",
      "better_when": "context_dependent",
      "source_id": "source-cms-hcris",
      "methodology_note": "Hospital Provider Cost Report value. Compare only like fields and compatible fiscal periods; no causal inference is implied.",
      "comparable_to_prior": "review_required"
    },
    {
      "metric_id": "390339-net_income-06-30-2024",
      "entity_id": "390339",
      "metric_name": "net_income",
      "period_start": "07/01/2023",
      "period_end": "06/30/2024",
      "value": "-42029825",
      "unit": "USD",
      "better_when": "context_dependent",
      "source_id": "source-cms-hcris",
      "methodology_note": "Hospital Provider Cost Report value. Compare only like fields and compatible fiscal periods; no causal inference is implied.",
      "comparable_to_prior": "review_required"
    },
    {
      "metric_id": "390339-net_income-06-30-2023",
      "entity_id": "390339",
      "metric_name": "net_income",
      "period_start": "12/06/2022",
      "period_end": "06/30/2023",
      "value": "-40603387",
      "unit": "USD",
      "better_when": "context_dependent",
      "source_id": "source-cms-hcris",
      "methodology_note": "Hospital Provider Cost Report value. Compare only like fields and compatible fiscal periods; no causal inference is implied.",
      "comparable_to_prior": "review_required"
    },
    {
      "metric_id": "390339-total_assets-06-30-2024",
      "entity_id": "390339",
      "metric_name": "total_assets",
      "period_start": "07/01/2023",
      "period_end": "06/30/2024",
      "value": "-92720715",
      "unit": "USD",
      "better_when": "context_dependent",
      "source_id": "source-cms-hcris",
      "methodology_note": "Hospital Provider Cost Report value. Compare only like fields and compatible fiscal periods; no causal inference is implied.",
      "comparable_to_prior": "review_required"
    },
    {
      "metric_id": "390339-total_assets-06-30-2023",
      "entity_id": "390339",
      "metric_name": "total_assets",
      "period_start": "12/06/2022",
      "period_end": "06/30/2023",
      "value": "-56922507",
      "unit": "USD",
      "better_when": "context_dependent",
      "source_id": "source-cms-hcris",
      "methodology_note": "Hospital Provider Cost Report value. Compare only like fields and compatible fiscal periods; no causal inference is implied.",
      "comparable_to_prior": "review_required"
    },
    {
      "metric_id": "390339-total_liabilities-06-30-2024",
      "entity_id": "390339",
      "metric_name": "total_liabilities",
      "period_start": "07/01/2023",
      "period_end": "06/30/2024",
      "value": "20948924",
      "unit": "USD",
      "better_when": "context_dependent",
      "source_id": "source-cms-hcris",
      "methodology_note": "Hospital Provider Cost Report value. Compare only like fields and compatible fiscal periods; no causal inference is implied.",
      "comparable_to_prior": "review_required"
    },
    {
      "metric_id": "390339-total_liabilities-06-30-2023",
      "entity_id": "390339",
      "metric_name": "total_liabilities",
      "period_start": "12/06/2022",
      "period_end": "06/30/2023",
      "value": "14717311",
      "unit": "USD",
      "better_when": "context_dependent",
      "source_id": "source-cms-hcris",
      "methodology_note": "Hospital Provider Cost Report value. Compare only like fields and compatible fiscal periods; no causal inference is implied.",
      "comparable_to_prior": "review_required"
    },
    {
      "metric_id": "390339-contract_labor_direct_patient_care-06-30-2024",
      "entity_id": "390339",
      "metric_name": "contract_labor_direct_patient_care",
      "period_start": "07/01/2023",
      "period_end": "06/30/2024",
      "value": "5038248",
      "unit": "USD",
      "better_when": "context_dependent",
      "source_id": "source-cms-hcris",
      "methodology_note": "Hospital Provider Cost Report value. Compare only like fields and compatible fiscal periods; no causal inference is implied.",
      "comparable_to_prior": "review_required"
    },
    {
      "metric_id": "390339-contract_labor_direct_patient_care-06-30-2023",
      "entity_id": "390339",
      "metric_name": "contract_labor_direct_patient_care",
      "period_start": "12/06/2022",
      "period_end": "06/30/2023",
      "value": "2225104",
      "unit": "USD",
      "better_when": "context_dependent",
      "source_id": "source-cms-hcris",
      "methodology_note": "Hospital Provider Cost Report value. Compare only like fields and compatible fiscal periods; no causal inference is implied.",
      "comparable_to_prior": "review_required"
    },
    {
      "metric_id": "390339-fte_employees-06-30-2024",
      "entity_id": "390339",
      "metric_name": "fte_employees",
      "period_start": "07/01/2023",
      "period_end": "06/30/2024",
      "value": "566",
      "unit": "FTE",
      "better_when": "context_dependent",
      "source_id": "source-cms-hcris",
      "methodology_note": "Hospital Provider Cost Report value. Compare only like fields and compatible fiscal periods; no causal inference is implied.",
      "comparable_to_prior": "review_required"
    },
    {
      "metric_id": "390339-fte_employees-06-30-2023",
      "entity_id": "390339",
      "metric_name": "fte_employees",
      "period_start": "12/06/2022",
      "period_end": "06/30/2023",
      "value": "293.26",
      "unit": "FTE",
      "better_when": "context_dependent",
      "source_id": "source-cms-hcris",
      "methodology_note": "Hospital Provider Cost Report value. Compare only like fields and compatible fiscal periods; no causal inference is implied.",
      "comparable_to_prior": "review_required"
    },
    {
      "metric_id": "390339-beds-06-30-2024",
      "entity_id": "390339",
      "metric_name": "beds",
      "period_start": "07/01/2023",
      "period_end": "06/30/2024",
      "value": "100",
      "unit": "beds",
      "better_when": "context_dependent",
      "source_id": "source-cms-hcris",
      "methodology_note": "Hospital Provider Cost Report value. Compare only like fields and compatible fiscal periods; no causal inference is implied.",
      "comparable_to_prior": "review_required"
    },
    {
      "metric_id": "390339-beds-06-30-2023",
      "entity_id": "390339",
      "metric_name": "beds",
      "period_start": "12/06/2022",
      "period_end": "06/30/2023",
      "value": "100",
      "unit": "beds",
      "better_when": "context_dependent",
      "source_id": "source-cms-hcris",
      "methodology_note": "Hospital Provider Cost Report value. Compare only like fields and compatible fiscal periods; no causal inference is implied.",
      "comparable_to_prior": "review_required"
    },
    {
      "metric_id": "390339-patient_days-06-30-2024",
      "entity_id": "390339",
      "metric_name": "patient_days",
      "period_start": "07/01/2023",
      "period_end": "06/30/2024",
      "value": "22453",
      "unit": "days",
      "better_when": "context_dependent",
      "source_id": "source-cms-hcris",
      "methodology_note": "Hospital Provider Cost Report value. Compare only like fields and compatible fiscal periods; no causal inference is implied.",
      "comparable_to_prior": "review_required"
    },
    {
      "metric_id": "390339-patient_days-06-30-2023",
      "entity_id": "390339",
      "metric_name": "patient_days",
      "period_start": "12/06/2022",
      "period_end": "06/30/2023",
      "value": "9558",
      "unit": "days",
      "better_when": "context_dependent",
      "source_id": "source-cms-hcris",
      "methodology_note": "Hospital Provider Cost Report value. Compare only like fields and compatible fiscal periods; no causal inference is implied.",
      "comparable_to_prior": "review_required"
    },
    {
      "metric_id": "390339-discharges-06-30-2024",
      "entity_id": "390339",
      "metric_name": "discharges",
      "period_start": "07/01/2023",
      "period_end": "06/30/2024",
      "value": "5356",
      "unit": "discharges",
      "better_when": "context_dependent",
      "source_id": "source-cms-hcris",
      "methodology_note": "Hospital Provider Cost Report value. Compare only like fields and compatible fiscal periods; no causal inference is implied.",
      "comparable_to_prior": "review_required"
    },
    {
      "metric_id": "390339-discharges-06-30-2023",
      "entity_id": "390339",
      "metric_name": "discharges",
      "period_start": "12/06/2022",
      "period_end": "06/30/2023",
      "value": "2100",
      "unit": "discharges",
      "better_when": "context_dependent",
      "source_id": "source-cms-hcris",
      "methodology_note": "Hospital Provider Cost Report value. Compare only like fields and compatible fiscal periods; no causal inference is implied.",
      "comparable_to_prior": "review_required"
    }
  ],
  "cmsOwnerRecords": [
    {
      "organization": "JUDY HLAFCSAK",
      "role": "CORPORATE DIRECTOR",
      "association_date": "07/01/2021",
      "percentage_ownership": "0",
      "investment_firm": false,
      "private_equity_company": false,
      "holding_company": false,
      "management_services_company": false,
      "medical_staffing_company": false
    },
    {
      "organization": "JOSEPH FRANK",
      "role": "CORPORATE DIRECTOR",
      "association_date": "07/01/2021",
      "percentage_ownership": "0",
      "investment_firm": false,
      "private_equity_company": false,
      "holding_company": false,
      "management_services_company": false,
      "medical_staffing_company": false
    },
    {
      "organization": "ALLISON BARRETT",
      "role": "CORPORATE DIRECTOR",
      "association_date": "07/01/2024",
      "percentage_ownership": "0",
      "investment_firm": false,
      "private_equity_company": false,
      "holding_company": false,
      "management_services_company": false,
      "medical_staffing_company": false
    },
    {
      "organization": "KENNETH WOOD",
      "role": "CORPORATE DIRECTOR",
      "association_date": "06/04/2023",
      "percentage_ownership": "0",
      "investment_firm": false,
      "private_equity_company": false,
      "holding_company": false,
      "management_services_company": false,
      "medical_staffing_company": false
    },
    {
      "organization": "BEN LAZARUS",
      "role": "CORPORATE DIRECTOR",
      "association_date": "07/01/2023",
      "percentage_ownership": "0",
      "investment_firm": false,
      "private_equity_company": false,
      "holding_company": false,
      "management_services_company": false,
      "medical_staffing_company": false
    },
    {
      "organization": "ELIZABETH MARTIN",
      "role": "CORPORATE DIRECTOR",
      "association_date": "07/01/2024",
      "percentage_ownership": "0",
      "investment_firm": false,
      "private_equity_company": false,
      "holding_company": false,
      "management_services_company": false,
      "medical_staffing_company": false
    },
    {
      "organization": "HIGHMARK HEALTH",
      "role": "5% OR GREATER INDIRECT OWNERSHIP INTEREST",
      "association_date": "06/18/2020",
      "percentage_ownership": "20",
      "investment_firm": false,
      "private_equity_company": false,
      "holding_company": false,
      "management_services_company": false,
      "medical_staffing_company": false
    },
    {
      "organization": "LLOYD CLARK",
      "role": "CORPORATE DIRECTOR",
      "association_date": "07/01/2023",
      "percentage_ownership": "0",
      "investment_firm": false,
      "private_equity_company": false,
      "holding_company": false,
      "management_services_company": false,
      "medical_staffing_company": false
    },
    {
      "organization": "DARON KAHN",
      "role": "CORPORATE DIRECTOR",
      "association_date": "07/01/2024",
      "percentage_ownership": "0",
      "investment_firm": false,
      "private_equity_company": false,
      "holding_company": false,
      "management_services_company": false,
      "medical_staffing_company": false
    },
    {
      "organization": "THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY",
      "role": "5% OR GREATER INDIRECT OWNERSHIP INTEREST",
      "association_date": "06/18/2020",
      "percentage_ownership": "80",
      "investment_firm": false,
      "private_equity_company": false,
      "holding_company": false,
      "management_services_company": false,
      "medical_staffing_company": false
    },
    {
      "organization": "PENN STATE HEALTH",
      "role": "5% OR GREATER DIRECT OWNERSHIP INTEREST",
      "association_date": "06/18/2020",
      "percentage_ownership": "100",
      "investment_firm": false,
      "private_equity_company": false,
      "holding_company": false,
      "management_services_company": false,
      "medical_staffing_company": false
    },
    {
      "organization": "ROSS DARROW",
      "role": "CORPORATE OFFICER",
      "association_date": "07/01/2021",
      "percentage_ownership": "0",
      "investment_firm": false,
      "private_equity_company": false,
      "holding_company": false,
      "management_services_company": false,
      "medical_staffing_company": false
    },
    {
      "organization": "ANN ALLWEIN",
      "role": "CORPORATE OFFICER",
      "association_date": "10/01/2024",
      "percentage_ownership": "0",
      "investment_firm": false,
      "private_equity_company": false,
      "holding_company": false,
      "management_services_company": false,
      "medical_staffing_company": false
    },
    {
      "organization": "NICOLE LEHMAN",
      "role": "CORPORATE OFFICER",
      "association_date": "07/01/2021",
      "percentage_ownership": "0",
      "investment_firm": false,
      "private_equity_company": false,
      "holding_company": false,
      "management_services_company": false,
      "medical_staffing_company": false
    },
    {
      "organization": "ZACHARY BULLOCK",
      "role": "CORPORATE DIRECTOR",
      "association_date": "02/13/2025",
      "percentage_ownership": "0",
      "investment_firm": false,
      "private_equity_company": false,
      "holding_company": false,
      "management_services_company": false,
      "medical_staffing_company": false
    },
    {
      "organization": "RANDY MORRIS",
      "role": "CORPORATE OFFICER",
      "association_date": "07/01/2024",
      "percentage_ownership": "0",
      "investment_firm": false,
      "private_equity_company": false,
      "holding_company": false,
      "management_services_company": false,
      "medical_staffing_company": false
    },
    {
      "organization": "RANDY MORRIS",
      "role": "CORPORATE DIRECTOR",
      "association_date": "07/01/2024",
      "percentage_ownership": "0",
      "investment_firm": false,
      "private_equity_company": false,
      "holding_company": false,
      "management_services_company": false,
      "medical_staffing_company": false
    },
    {
      "organization": "ANGELA SONON",
      "role": "OPERATIONAL/MANAGERIAL CONTROL",
      "association_date": "10/28/2024",
      "percentage_ownership": "0",
      "investment_firm": false,
      "private_equity_company": false,
      "holding_company": false,
      "management_services_company": false,
      "medical_staffing_company": false
    },
    {
      "organization": "TRACY MOYER-SWINKO",
      "role": "CORPORATE DIRECTOR",
      "association_date": "08/26/2024",
      "percentage_ownership": "0",
      "investment_firm": false,
      "private_equity_company": false,
      "holding_company": false,
      "management_services_company": false,
      "medical_staffing_company": false
    }
  ],
  "directConnections": [],
  "actions": [],
  "contradictions": [],
  "limitations": [
    "CMS corroborates an enrolled ownership chain, but its owner names do not independently reproduce every sponsor or portfolio-company name from the tracker.",
    "The investment signal does not establish completed private-equity ownership or a pending sale."
  ],
  "unavailableFields": [
    "Precise acquisition date",
    "Official facility URL"
  ],
  "sources": [
    {
      "source_id": "source-hifld-hospitals",
      "title": "Hospitals RAPT",
      "publisher": "Homeland Infrastructure Foundation-Level Data",
      "publication_date": "current public layer",
      "retrieved_at": "2026-06-22",
      "url": "https://hifld-geoplatform.hub.arcgis.com/datasets/geoplatform::hospitals/about",
      "reliability_tier": "government",
      "research_note": "Used for facility location and basic identity context; it does not establish private-equity ownership.",
      "source_type": "public_record"
    },
    {
      "source_id": "source-pesp-hospital-tracker",
      "title": "Private Equity Hospital Tracker",
      "publisher": "Private Equity Stakeholder Project",
      "publication_date": "2026-04-03 snapshot",
      "retrieved_at": "2026-06-22",
      "url": "https://pestakeholder.org/private-equity-hospital-tracker/",
      "reliability_tier": "research",
      "research_note": "Discovery and ownership-chain baseline. A red public status also requires independent corroboration in this dossier.",
      "source_type": "public_record"
    },
    {
      "source_id": "source-cms-hospital-enrollments",
      "title": "Hospital Enrollments",
      "publisher": "Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services",
      "publication_date": "2026-05-01",
      "retrieved_at": "2026-06-22",
      "url": "https://data.cms.gov/provider-characteristics/hospitals-and-other-facilities/hospital-enrollments",
      "reliability_tier": "government",
      "research_note": "Used to corroborate current enrollment identity, legal name, DBA, CCN, NPI, and location.",
      "source_type": "public_record"
    },
    {
      "source_id": "source-cms-hospital-all-owners",
      "title": "Hospital All Owners",
      "publisher": "Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services",
      "publication_date": "2026-05-01",
      "retrieved_at": "2026-06-22",
      "url": "https://data.cms.gov/provider-characteristics/hospitals-and-other-facilities/hospital-all-owners",
      "reliability_tier": "government",
      "research_note": "Used to corroborate direct or indirect ownership, control, holding-company, investment-firm, and security-interest records.",
      "source_type": "public_record"
    },
    {
      "source_id": "source-cms-hcris",
      "title": "Hospital Provider Cost Reports",
      "publisher": "Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services",
      "publication_date": "2015–2024",
      "retrieved_at": "2026-06-22",
      "url": "https://data.cms.gov/provider-compliance/cost-reports/hospital-provider-cost-report",
      "reliability_tier": "government",
      "research_note": "Financial, staffing, and utilization values. These descriptive measures do not establish causation.",
      "source_type": "public_record"
    },
    {
      "source_id": "source-cms-care-compare",
      "title": "Hospital General Information",
      "publisher": "Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services",
      "publication_date": "2026",
      "retrieved_at": "2026-06-22",
      "url": "https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/dataset/xubh-q36u",
      "reliability_tier": "government",
      "research_note": "Used for current facility identity, hospital type, ownership category, and overall rating when available.",
      "source_type": "public_record"
    }
  ],
  "ownershipChain": {
    "model": "Sponsor, operator, CMS legal-owner/control records, and facility are shown as separate evidence layers.",
    "confidence": "medium",
    "nodes": [
      {
        "id": "facility:390339",
        "label": "PENN STATE HEALTH LANCASTER MEDICAL CENTER",
        "kind": "hospital",
        "evidence": "public facility record"
      },
      {
        "id": "organization:penn-state-health",
        "label": "PENN STATE HEALTH",
        "kind": "portfolio_company_or_operator",
        "evidence": "research tracker or primary organizational source"
      },
      {
        "id": "cms-owner:judy-hlafcsak:0",
        "label": "JUDY HLAFCSAK",
        "kind": "cms_owner_or_controller",
        "evidence": "CORPORATE DIRECTOR"
      },
      {
        "id": "cms-owner:joseph-frank:1",
        "label": "JOSEPH FRANK",
        "kind": "cms_owner_or_controller",
        "evidence": "CORPORATE DIRECTOR"
      },
      {
        "id": "cms-owner:allison-barrett:2",
        "label": "ALLISON BARRETT",
        "kind": "cms_owner_or_controller",
        "evidence": "CORPORATE DIRECTOR"
      },
      {
        "id": "cms-owner:kenneth-wood:3",
        "label": "KENNETH WOOD",
        "kind": "cms_owner_or_controller",
        "evidence": "CORPORATE DIRECTOR"
      },
      {
        "id": "cms-owner:ben-lazarus:4",
        "label": "BEN LAZARUS",
        "kind": "cms_owner_or_controller",
        "evidence": "CORPORATE DIRECTOR"
      },
      {
        "id": "cms-owner:elizabeth-martin:5",
        "label": "ELIZABETH MARTIN",
        "kind": "cms_owner_or_controller",
        "evidence": "CORPORATE DIRECTOR"
      },
      {
        "id": "cms-owner:highmark-health:6",
        "label": "HIGHMARK HEALTH",
        "kind": "cms_owner_or_controller",
        "evidence": "5% OR GREATER INDIRECT OWNERSHIP INTEREST"
      },
      {
        "id": "cms-owner:lloyd-clark:7",
        "label": "LLOYD CLARK",
        "kind": "cms_owner_or_controller",
        "evidence": "CORPORATE DIRECTOR"
      },
      {
        "id": "cms-owner:daron-kahn:8",
        "label": "DARON KAHN",
        "kind": "cms_owner_or_controller",
        "evidence": "CORPORATE DIRECTOR"
      },
      {
        "id": "cms-owner:the-pennsylvania-state-university:9",
        "label": "THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY",
        "kind": "cms_owner_or_controller",
        "evidence": "5% OR GREATER INDIRECT OWNERSHIP INTEREST"
      },
      {
        "id": "cms-owner:penn-state-health:10",
        "label": "PENN STATE HEALTH",
        "kind": "cms_owner_or_controller",
        "evidence": "5% OR GREATER DIRECT OWNERSHIP INTEREST"
      },
      {
        "id": "cms-owner:ross-darrow:11",
        "label": "ROSS DARROW",
        "kind": "cms_owner_or_controller",
        "evidence": "CORPORATE OFFICER"
      },
      {
        "id": "cms-owner:ann-allwein:12",
        "label": "ANN ALLWEIN",
        "kind": "cms_owner_or_controller",
        "evidence": "CORPORATE OFFICER"
      },
      {
        "id": "cms-owner:nicole-lehman:13",
        "label": "NICOLE LEHMAN",
        "kind": "cms_owner_or_controller",
        "evidence": "CORPORATE OFFICER"
      },
      {
        "id": "cms-owner:zachary-bullock:14",
        "label": "ZACHARY BULLOCK",
        "kind": "cms_owner_or_controller",
        "evidence": "CORPORATE DIRECTOR"
      },
      {
        "id": "cms-owner:randy-morris:15",
        "label": "RANDY MORRIS",
        "kind": "cms_owner_or_controller",
        "evidence": "CORPORATE OFFICER"
      }
    ],
    "edges": [
      {
        "id": "organization:penn-state-health->facility:390339",
        "from": "organization:penn-state-health",
        "to": "facility:390339",
        "relationship": "reported ownership or operating chain",
        "confidence": "medium",
        "sourceIds": [
          "source-cms-hospital-all-owners",
          "source-pesp-hospital-tracker"
        ],
        "note": "The platform attribution comes from the research tracker and is displayed separately from CMS legal-owner rows."
      },
      {
        "id": "cms-owner:judy-hlafcsak:0->facility:390339",
        "from": "cms-owner:judy-hlafcsak:0",
        "to": "facility:390339",
        "relationship": "governs",
        "confidence": "high",
        "sourceIds": [
          "source-cms-hospital-all-owners"
        ],
        "note": "CORPORATE DIRECTOR · 0% reported ownership · associated 07/01/2021"
      },
      {
        "id": "cms-owner:joseph-frank:1->facility:390339",
        "from": "cms-owner:joseph-frank:1",
        "to": "facility:390339",
        "relationship": "governs",
        "confidence": "high",
        "sourceIds": [
          "source-cms-hospital-all-owners"
        ],
        "note": "CORPORATE DIRECTOR · 0% reported ownership · associated 07/01/2021"
      },
      {
        "id": "cms-owner:allison-barrett:2->facility:390339",
        "from": "cms-owner:allison-barrett:2",
        "to": "facility:390339",
        "relationship": "governs",
        "confidence": "high",
        "sourceIds": [
          "source-cms-hospital-all-owners"
        ],
        "note": "CORPORATE DIRECTOR · 0% reported ownership · associated 07/01/2024"
      },
      {
        "id": "cms-owner:kenneth-wood:3->facility:390339",
        "from": "cms-owner:kenneth-wood:3",
        "to": "facility:390339",
        "relationship": "governs",
        "confidence": "high",
        "sourceIds": [
          "source-cms-hospital-all-owners"
        ],
        "note": "CORPORATE DIRECTOR · 0% reported ownership · associated 06/04/2023"
      },
      {
        "id": "cms-owner:ben-lazarus:4->facility:390339",
        "from": "cms-owner:ben-lazarus:4",
        "to": "facility:390339",
        "relationship": "governs",
        "confidence": "high",
        "sourceIds": [
          "source-cms-hospital-all-owners"
        ],
        "note": "CORPORATE DIRECTOR · 0% reported ownership · associated 07/01/2023"
      },
      {
        "id": "cms-owner:elizabeth-martin:5->facility:390339",
        "from": "cms-owner:elizabeth-martin:5",
        "to": "facility:390339",
        "relationship": "governs",
        "confidence": "high",
        "sourceIds": [
          "source-cms-hospital-all-owners"
        ],
        "note": "CORPORATE DIRECTOR · 0% reported ownership · associated 07/01/2024"
      },
      {
        "id": "cms-owner:highmark-health:6->facility:390339",
        "from": "cms-owner:highmark-health:6",
        "to": "facility:390339",
        "relationship": "owns an interest in",
        "confidence": "high",
        "sourceIds": [
          "source-cms-hospital-all-owners"
        ],
        "note": "5% OR GREATER INDIRECT OWNERSHIP INTEREST · 20% reported ownership · associated 06/18/2020"
      },
      {
        "id": "cms-owner:lloyd-clark:7->facility:390339",
        "from": "cms-owner:lloyd-clark:7",
        "to": "facility:390339",
        "relationship": "governs",
        "confidence": "high",
        "sourceIds": [
          "source-cms-hospital-all-owners"
        ],
        "note": "CORPORATE DIRECTOR · 0% reported ownership · associated 07/01/2023"
      },
      {
        "id": "cms-owner:daron-kahn:8->facility:390339",
        "from": "cms-owner:daron-kahn:8",
        "to": "facility:390339",
        "relationship": "governs",
        "confidence": "high",
        "sourceIds": [
          "source-cms-hospital-all-owners"
        ],
        "note": "CORPORATE DIRECTOR · 0% reported ownership · associated 07/01/2024"
      },
      {
        "id": "cms-owner:the-pennsylvania-state-university:9->facility:390339",
        "from": "cms-owner:the-pennsylvania-state-university:9",
        "to": "facility:390339",
        "relationship": "owns an interest in",
        "confidence": "high",
        "sourceIds": [
          "source-cms-hospital-all-owners"
        ],
        "note": "5% OR GREATER INDIRECT OWNERSHIP INTEREST · 80% reported ownership · associated 06/18/2020"
      },
      {
        "id": "cms-owner:penn-state-health:10->facility:390339",
        "from": "cms-owner:penn-state-health:10",
        "to": "facility:390339",
        "relationship": "owns an interest in",
        "confidence": "high",
        "sourceIds": [
          "source-cms-hospital-all-owners"
        ],
        "note": "5% OR GREATER DIRECT OWNERSHIP INTEREST · 100% reported ownership · associated 06/18/2020"
      },
      {
        "id": "cms-owner:ross-darrow:11->facility:390339",
        "from": "cms-owner:ross-darrow:11",
        "to": "facility:390339",
        "relationship": "governs",
        "confidence": "high",
        "sourceIds": [
          "source-cms-hospital-all-owners"
        ],
        "note": "CORPORATE OFFICER · 0% reported ownership · associated 07/01/2021"
      },
      {
        "id": "cms-owner:ann-allwein:12->facility:390339",
        "from": "cms-owner:ann-allwein:12",
        "to": "facility:390339",
        "relationship": "governs",
        "confidence": "high",
        "sourceIds": [
          "source-cms-hospital-all-owners"
        ],
        "note": "CORPORATE OFFICER · 0% reported ownership · associated 10/01/2024"
      },
      {
        "id": "cms-owner:nicole-lehman:13->facility:390339",
        "from": "cms-owner:nicole-lehman:13",
        "to": "facility:390339",
        "relationship": "governs",
        "confidence": "high",
        "sourceIds": [
          "source-cms-hospital-all-owners"
        ],
        "note": "CORPORATE OFFICER · 0% reported ownership · associated 07/01/2021"
      },
      {
        "id": "cms-owner:zachary-bullock:14->facility:390339",
        "from": "cms-owner:zachary-bullock:14",
        "to": "facility:390339",
        "relationship": "governs",
        "confidence": "high",
        "sourceIds": [
          "source-cms-hospital-all-owners"
        ],
        "note": "CORPORATE DIRECTOR · 0% reported ownership · associated 02/13/2025"
      },
      {
        "id": "cms-owner:randy-morris:15->facility:390339",
        "from": "cms-owner:randy-morris:15",
        "to": "facility:390339",
        "relationship": "governs",
        "confidence": "high",
        "sourceIds": [
          "source-cms-hospital-all-owners"
        ],
        "note": "CORPORATE OFFICER · 0% reported ownership · associated 07/01/2024"
      }
    ],
    "caveats": [
      "CMS owner rows establish enrolled legal ownership or control roles; they do not always name the ultimate financial sponsor."
    ]
  },
  "descriptiveTrends": [
    {
      "metric": "net_patient_revenue",
      "earliestPeriod": "06/30/2023",
      "latestPeriod": "06/30/2024",
      "earliestValue": 64356763,
      "latestValue": 161173126,
      "absoluteChange": 96816363,
      "percentChange": 150.43696806192693,
      "unit": "USD"
    },
    {
      "metric": "operating_expense",
      "earliestPeriod": "06/30/2023",
      "latestPeriod": "06/30/2024",
      "earliestValue": 105533965,
      "latestValue": 205549272,
      "absoluteChange": 100015307,
      "percentChange": 94.7707280779226,
      "unit": "USD"
    },
    {
      "metric": "net_income",
      "earliestPeriod": "06/30/2023",
      "latestPeriod": "06/30/2024",
      "earliestValue": -40603387,
      "latestValue": -42029825,
      "absoluteChange": -1426438,
      "percentChange": -3.51310101297707,
      "unit": "USD"
    },
    {
      "metric": "total_assets",
      "earliestPeriod": "06/30/2023",
      "latestPeriod": "06/30/2024",
      "earliestValue": -56922507,
      "latestValue": -92720715,
      "absoluteChange": -35798208,
      "percentChange": -62.889373442388965,
      "unit": "USD"
    },
    {
      "metric": "total_liabilities",
      "earliestPeriod": "06/30/2023",
      "latestPeriod": "06/30/2024",
      "earliestValue": 14717311,
      "latestValue": 20948924,
      "absoluteChange": 6231613,
      "percentChange": 42.3420623509281,
      "unit": "USD"
    },
    {
      "metric": "contract_labor_direct_patient_care",
      "earliestPeriod": "06/30/2023",
      "latestPeriod": "06/30/2024",
      "earliestValue": 2225104,
      "latestValue": 5038248,
      "absoluteChange": 2813144,
      "percentChange": 126.42752878067722,
      "unit": "USD"
    },
    {
      "metric": "fte_employees",
      "earliestPeriod": "06/30/2023",
      "latestPeriod": "06/30/2024",
      "earliestValue": 293.26,
      "latestValue": 566,
      "absoluteChange": 272.74,
      "percentChange": 93.00279615358386,
      "unit": "FTE"
    },
    {
      "metric": "beds",
      "earliestPeriod": "06/30/2023",
      "latestPeriod": "06/30/2024",
      "earliestValue": 100,
      "latestValue": 100,
      "absoluteChange": 0,
      "percentChange": 0,
      "unit": "beds"
    },
    {
      "metric": "patient_days",
      "earliestPeriod": "06/30/2023",
      "latestPeriod": "06/30/2024",
      "earliestValue": 9558,
      "latestValue": 22453,
      "absoluteChange": 12895,
      "percentChange": 134.91316174931993,
      "unit": "days"
    },
    {
      "metric": "discharges",
      "earliestPeriod": "06/30/2023",
      "latestPeriod": "06/30/2024",
      "earliestValue": 2100,
      "latestValue": 5356,
      "absoluteChange": 3256,
      "percentChange": 155.04761904761907,
      "unit": "discharges"
    }
  ]
}
